Classic bladder exstrophy: patient and operating theatre preparation for primary bladder closure

Abstract

Bladder exstrophy is a rare congenital disorder involving the musculoskeletal system and the genitourinary tracts, and can range from balanic epispadias to classic exstrophy. Primary closure is a complex procedure requiring several different surgical modalities to ensure a successful outcome for the patient. Intraoperative management includes appropriate draping, instrumentation, adapting to possible anatomic variations.